Calculated result
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Net present value formula
NPV = Σ CFt ÷ (1 + r)t. Period 0 is not discounted. The rate is per cash-flow period: annual cash flows need an annual rate; monthly cash flows need a monthly rate.
Interpretation boundary
Rates greater than −100% are supported for up to 200 periods. NPV is one mathematical measure based on entered assumptions—not a buy/sell signal, valuation guarantee, or risk analysis.
Worked example
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