Math foundations

Square Root Calculator

Calculate the principal real square root of a nonnegative number. Perfect-square integers are exact; other real results are clearly presented as decimal approximations.

Enter values and select Calculate.

Formula and worked example

The principal square root √x is the nonnegative value whose square equals x. A positive integer radical can be simplified by extracting perfect-square factors.

√144 = 12 exactly. √2 ≈ 1.41421356237. For an integer radical, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.

Exact and approximate results

Perfect-square integers display an exact equals sign.

Non-perfect squares display a controlled approximation and are not labeled exact.

Supported positive integers also receive a deterministic simplified-radical form when a square factor exists.

Real-number boundary

Negative radicands have no real square root.

This calculator reports that boundary instead of exposing NaN, changing the sign, or inventing a complex result.

Complex-number roots remain outside this calculator.

Related square-root jobs

Exponent Calculator handles general powers and keeps square-root intent here.

Pythagorean Theorem and Right Triangle calculators use square roots inside distinct triangle-solving workflows.

Methodology and limits

This deterministic browser-local tool uses strict complete-value parsing and the displayed mathematical definition. It does not evaluate expressions, execute entered text, call a remote service, or silently cross its documented real-number or integer domain.